备考英语四级阅读，重点应放在提升阅读速度和理解文章主旨上。多做训练，熟知容易见到题型和方法，能够帮助应付考试挑战。新东方在线记者为大伙整理了“2024下半年英语四级阅读冲刺训练与答案解析（9）”，期望能为大伙带来帮助。
2024下半年英语四级阅读冲刺训练与答案解析（9）
His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way who he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar system.
“You appear to be astonished, ” Holmes said, smiling at my expression. “Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it. You see, I consider that a man’s brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose: A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. It is a mistake to think that the little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it, there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you know before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones.”
“But the Solar System! ” I protested.
“What the deuce is it to me?” he interrupted impatiently.
One morning, I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it.
Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life, ” and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning was close and intense, but the deduction appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a man’s inmost thought. Deceit, according to him, was impossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusions were as infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer.
“From a drop of water, ”said the writer, “a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. ”
This smartly written piece of theory I could not accept until a succession of evidences justified it.
1.What is the author’s attitude toward Holmes?
[A]Praising.
[B]Critical.
[C]Ironical.
[D]Distaste.
2.What way did the author take to stick out Holmes’ uniqueness?
[A]By deduction.
[B]By explanation.
[C]By contrast.
[D]By analysis.
3.What was the Holmes’ idea about knowledge-learning?
[A]Learning what every body learned.
[B]Learning what was useful to you.
[C]Learning whatever you came across.
[D]Learning what was different to you.
4.What did the article mentioned in the passage talk about?
[A]One may master the way of reasoning through observation.
[B]One may become rather critical through observation and analysis.
[C]One may become rather sharp through observation and analysis.
[D]One may become practical through observation and analysis.
Vocabulary
1.Thomas Carlyle 托马斯?卡莱尔 1795-1881美国作家、历史家、哲学家
2.jumble 搞乱，使混乱
3.lay hand on sth. 抓住，找到
4.at best 最好的状况下
5.elbow out 用胳膊肘挤出，推出
6.deuce = devil what the deuce is it to me?
这里表示福尔摩斯的厌恶心理。
义：这倒霉的词儿与我有哪些关系?
7.while away the time 消磨/打发时间
8.shrewdness 机敏，敏锐，犀利
9.far-fetched 牵强附会，不自然
10.fathom 看穿/透，推断，探索
11.infallible 一贯正确
12.uninitiated 对某事无知的
13.Euclid 欧几里德
14.necromancer 巫师
难句译注
1.A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it.
主从句结构，主句A fool … 后跟lumber的定从that he comes across。从句so that 中有一knowledge的定从which; or链接前后两个分词crowded out 与jumbled up;但第一个so that 从句又是后面so that 的主句。
蠢人把他碰到的每种木材都拿进去。如此，可能对他有用的常识都被挤出去;最好的状况下，也是和其他种种事情混在一块，所以他就非常难抓住常识。
2.Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life, ” and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way.
并列句，连词and后的句中有宾从how much…。
这片文章稍有炫耀的标题是“生命之书”。它想证明一个擅长察看的人通过对他历程到的所有事情都进行真的地系统地考察可以学到多少东西。
3.So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer.
复合主从句，so that句型。So句是倒装。正常句型应为：His results would appear so startling to the uninitiated that…，that句中又是主从句，从句用until连接，中插by which定语从句修饰 the processes。
他的结论对无知的人来讲是那样惊人，所以他们非常可能觉得他是个巫师，除非他们掌握了他用以得出结论的过程。
4.Like all other arts, the Science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it.
并列句，nor连接。前一句中有定语从句which修饰one，后一句nor为否定词。
像所有些其他艺术一样，演绎剖析科学是一种通过长期默默的研究，可以习得的知识，而大家的生命并不长得足以使任何凡人都能在这一范围获得可能是臻美的收获。
写作办法与文章大意
这是一篇“传记”，作者使用以反衬正的对比手法写出了福尔摩斯之惊人才华。第一句话开明宗旨“他的无知和他的有知一样卓越惊人”，接着就是种种无知，达到突出其有知的收获。两方面表达，一是福尔摩斯对无知的讲解：不可以照单全收;二是作者的反对见解衬托福之才华超人，能一滴水见大海。
答案解析
1.A 赞扬。作者以无知烘托人物之有知，以他本人的反对批评看法来证明人物的正确。否定及所谓机刺旨在铺垫。正反对比赞扬福之精明强悍，才智超人，洞察力强。
2.C 作者使用对比手法。
3.B 学习对你有用之物。第二段福之告白，他把头脑比作一个小小的空屋，不可以随便选择家具塞满空间，应选择“有用之才”，免得填满了废物，把有用之才挤出去。
4.C 通过察看和剖析人会变得非常敏锐。最后二段都是讲福所写文章的内容。擅长察看和剖析的人可以一眼看透人之本质，一点水能知大西洋。这种一叶知秋的本领是通过长期察看、剖析研究而得。也就是说，通过察看剖析，人可以变得敏锐聪慧，由于万物都有联系。
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